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Articles in PubMed

  • Knowledge, practices, educational needs and hospital engagement in Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) among Italian healthcare workers and students: results from a national multicentre surveyThis link opens in a new windowMay 29, 2025

    JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2025 May 28;7(3):dlaf081. doi: 10.1093/jacamr/dlaf081. eCollection 2025 Jun.

    ABSTRACT

    OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the knowledge, practices, educational needs and hospital engagement in IPC among healthcare workers (HCWs) and students in Italy.

    METHODS: A national cross-sectional observational study was conducted from April to July 2024. Participants completed a validated questionnaire based on WHO and CDC guidelines. Four outcomes were evaluated: (i) knowledge of IPC, (ii) self-reported compliance, (iii) satisfaction with education and (iv) hospital engagement in IPC.

    RESULTS: Among respondents (n = 1063, 67.75% female) significant gaps in IPC knowledge were noted, with only 66.1% correctly identifying key hand hygiene moments. Compliance was low, with only 43.3% always adhering to hand hygiene rules. Satisfaction with IPC education was also low (28%). While alcohol-based hand gel was widely available (84.2%), only 36.6% received formal hand hygiene training before onboarding.Multivariate analysis revealed that female HCWs had higher IPC knowledge [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.55, 95% CI: 1.04-2.31] and better compliance (aOR 1.72, 95% CI: 1.01-2.92). Younger HCWs demonstrated greater knowledge and satisfaction. Surgical ward staff, despite greater education satisfaction, exhibited lower IPC knowledge (aOR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.32-0.87). Nurses and health assistants received more hospital IPC training (aOR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.04-2.46; aOR 5.83, 95% CI: 1.94-18.89, respectively). Finally, the presence of a hospital IPC team positively correlated with all outcomes, including higher IPC knowledge (aOR 2.68, 95% CI: 1.79-4.05) and adherence (aOR 3.4, 95% CI: 1.92-6.3).

    CONCLUSION: The study reveals substantial gaps in IPC knowledge, practices and education among Italian HCWs, emphasizing the urgent need for effective targeted interventions that require robust institutional support.

    PMID:40438475 | PMC:PMC12117534 | DOI:10.1093/jacamr/dlaf081

  • Development and validation of the oral management self-efficacy scale (OMSES): a cross-sectional psychometric study in adult patients with fixed orthodontic appliancesThis link opens in a new windowMay 28, 2025

    BMC Oral Health. 2025 May 28;25(1):820. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06198-6.

    ABSTRACT

    OBJECTIVES: To develop a Self-Efficacy Scale for Oral Management for adult patients with fixed orthodontic appliances and to test its reliability and validity.

    METHODS: Guided by self-efficacy theory, the initial version of the scale was formed through literature review and expert consultations. A convenience sample of 502 adult patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment was surveyed. Item analysis was conducted to refine the scale, and its validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test-retest reliability.

    RESULTS: The scale developed in this study comprises four dimensions: supportive behavior, oral care, dietary restrictions, and positive attitude, with a total of 28 items. The overall Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.92, indicating excellent internal consistency. The test-retest reliability was 0.92, suggesting that the scale is a stable and reliable instrument for assessing oral health self-efficacy in orthodontic patients. The scale also demonstrated good content and construct validity.

    CONCLUSION: The scale developed in this study demonstrates good reliability and validity and can be used to assess the oral management self-efficacy levels for adult patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.

    PMID:40437457 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-06198-6

  • Factors Related to Erosive Tooth Wear throughout a LifetimeThis link opens in a new windowMay 28, 2025

    Monogr Oral Sci. 2025;33:149-177. doi: 10.1159/000543570. Epub 2025 May 28.

    ABSTRACT

    Factors related to the development of erosive tooth wear (ETW) over a lifetime can largely be divided into dietary, environmental and/or patient related. As the properties of the teeth change over time, these factors will be involved at different ages, and the susceptibility to ETW will vary according to age. Based on the available literature, dietary acid is the most important determinant of ETW. Various eating/drinking habits and oral hygiene routines are considered moderate factors in children and minor factors in adults. Medications and use of illicit drugs in adolescents and adults are potentially moderate factors in ETW and are often associated with confounding factors that drive the wear process forward. Some environmental and occupational factors in adolescents and adults can also be associated with ETW, particularly in special groups such as professional/competitive swimmers or other elite athletes and factory workers. Medical conditions such as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and eating disorders are considered possible ETW factors in the primary dentition and major factors in the permanent dentition. The quality and quantity of saliva and pellicle may play a role in ETW, although salivary composition and flow rate can change over a lifetime. In conclusion, dental health professionals should be aware of the various factors that can be related to the development of ETW during a lifetime. Patients should be provided with relevant information about these factors, as well as recommendations for preventing and/or reducing/adjusting these factors.

    PMID:40435951 | DOI:10.1159/000543570

  • Stress Due to Inflation and Its Association with Anxiety and Depression Among Working-Age Adults in the United StatesThis link opens in a new windowJan 25, 2025

    Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Dec 29;22(1):26. doi: 10.3390/ijerph22010026.

    ABSTRACT

    Inflation generates stress, which may lead to high rates of anxiety and depression. Given the recent surge and subsequent decline in the inflation rate in the United States, the prevalence of stress due to inflation may vary, as well as its relationship with anxiety and depression. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of stress due to inflation and its association with anxiety and depression over time among working-age adults in the United States. We conducted a repeated cross-sectional analysis using Household Pulse Survey (HPS) data for the following weeks: Week 50 (5-17 October 2022) and Week 57 (26 April-8 May 2023). The HPS includes questions about individuals' stress levels due to price increases in the past two months. We used logistic regressions to examine the association of stress (moderate or high stress versus little or no stress) due to inflation with depression and anxiety among working-age adults controlling for several factors, including demographic factors and social determinants of health. From October 2022 to April-May 2023, the prevalence of stress due to inflation affected more than three quarters of the population (77.7% and 78.7%, respectively). In logistic regressions, we found a significant positive association of stress due to inflation with depression (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) [95% CI] = 2.22 [1.92, 2.57]) and anxiety (AOR [95% CI] = 2.50 [2.18, 2.86]). Despite a decline in the prevalence of both depression and anxiety by three percentage points over the study period, the associations between stress, due to inflation on the one hand, and anxiety and depression, on the other, persisted over time. Stress due to inflation affects more than three-quarters of Americans, and is significantly associated with depression and anxiety. Stress due to inflation is a significant and persistent public health issue.

    PMID:39857479 | PMC:PMC11764509 | DOI:10.3390/ijerph22010026

  • Training a rural oral health workforce: Effects of rural background on dentist practice choiceThis link opens in a new windowSep 23, 2024

    J Dent Educ. 2025 Feb;89(2):177-185. doi: 10.1002/jdd.13713. Epub 2024 Sep 22.

    ABSTRACT

    PURPOSE: The Regional Initiatives in Dental Education (RIDE) program is an educational track of the University of Washington School of Dentistry that aims to produce leaders who practice in rural areas of the Pacific Northwest. This study assesses outcomes of the first 10 years of the RIDE program. The hypothesis tested is that rural background is the most important predictor of long-term rural dental practice.

    METHODS: This descriptive study assessed existing data including graduates' location of practice, demographics, rurality of origin, parental occupation, and practice type over time. Subjects are all graduates of the RIDE program from 2012 to 2021 (N = 80), and range in age from 25 to 50 years. Statistical analyses were utilized to explore associations.

    RESULTS: Within the study sample 78% of graduates practiced in a rural and/or underserved area, 32.5% of graduates pursued post-graduate dental training, 40% participated in Medicaid, and 78% practiced in the Pacific Northwest at the time of analysis (March 2023). Statistical analysis demonstrated a strong association and medium to large effect sizes between both rural upbringing and training sites and established dental practice in a rural region.

    CONCLUSIONS: Graduates of the RIDE program practice in rural areas in greater proportion compared to the general population of practicing dentists. RIDE graduates from the study period tended to be male, and white, and practice in a health professional shortage area or rural site. The rurality of origin analysis was confounded by the substantial number of graduates from Spokane, Washington, an urban area surrounded by extensive rural territory.

    PMID:39307975 | PMC:PMC11862983 | DOI:10.1002/jdd.13713

  • First report on parotid tissue choristomas within and adjacent to TMJ ligamentsThis link opens in a new windowSep 20, 2024

    Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2024 Dec;138(6):719-727. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2024.07.006. Epub 2024 Jul 22.

    ABSTRACT

    OBJECTIVE: To report the first examples of ectopic salivary glands of TMJ ligaments & capsules.

    METHODS AND MATERIALS: Nine subjects with chronic TMJ disorders were found incidentally to have ectopic salivary glands (choristomas) within or near damaged TMJ ligaments and capsules. Clinicopathologic characteristics of 12 TMJs are summarized.

    RESULTS: The 9 subjects were ages 22-64 years (average = 43.0); 6 were female. Microscopic examination revealed major, almost complete ligament replacement by dense, avascular fibrous scar tissue in all but 1 sample. Chronic inflammatory cells were present in the stroma of 3 samples. A total of 33 lobular, independent salivary structures of variable sizes were embedded in or near ligaments and/or capsules. Half were multiple in the same joint; 13 were bilaterally located in the joints of a single subject, with 8 small glandular lobules in one TMJ. All glands consisted of histologically normal serous acini except 1 which showed a focal lobule of mucus acini and another comprised only of mucus acini. Serial sections showed no connection to parotid glands. Some choristomas showed the aging phenomena of fatty infiltrates (n = 7) and oncocytosis (n = 7). Additionally, 3 of the 12 TMJ samples contained preauricular lymph nodes, with 3 nodes in 1 joint and bilateral involvement in 1 subject. Of the 5 identified nodes, all but one was hyperplastic, with nonspecific inflammatory histiocytosis.

    CONCLUSIONS: We report, for the first time, independent salivary gland choristomas (n = 33) within the soft tissues of the TMJ (n = 12), with one joint containing 8 such choristomas. All consisted of normal serous tissue except one, a mucus gland. Additionally, a fourth of TMJ surgical samples contained hyperplastic preauricular lymph nodes.

    PMID:39304413 | DOI:10.1016/j.oooo.2024.07.006

  • Young Female With Gingival Lesion of Intraoral Osseous Choristoma: A Rare Case ReportThis link opens in a new windowMay 29, 2025

    Case Rep Dent. 2025 May 21;2025:7706892. doi: 10.1155/crid/7706892. eCollection 2025.

    ABSTRACT

    Choristoma is a mass of tissue with normal histology similar to a part of the body that is different from the one in which it is located. It differs from the hamartomatous group of pathology which is normal tissue, but disorganized, found in an abnormal location. Documentation of the occurrence of osseous choristoma lesions in the oral cavity has been scarce, and most of the cases have been reported in the tongue. It is very seldom to arise from the interdental gingiva. Indeed, choristoma is considered a developmental anomaly, involving younger individuals, although many cases among older adults have been reported. The differential diagnoses include cartilaginous metaplasia, pleomorphic adenoma, salivary gland tissue, and the lesions of inflammatory or traumatic origin that may give rise to hamartomas in the oral cavity. In this case report, we present a case of osseous choristoma arising from the mandibular, posterior buccal gingiva in a young female patient.

    PMID:40438702 | PMC:PMC12119154 | DOI:10.1155/crid/7706892

  • Beyond hormones: 3PM approach to vaginal microbiota dynamics in postmenopausal womenThis link opens in a new windowMay 29, 2025

    EPMA J. 2025 Apr 15;16(2):299-350. doi: 10.1007/s13167-025-00406-7. eCollection 2025 Jun.

    ABSTRACT

    Menopause marks a critical transition characterized by ceased ovarian function and declining estrogen levels, affecting multiple systems with vasomotor symptoms and genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). Recent evidence shows vaginal microbiota undergoes significant alterations during menopause, influencing GSM severity. This comprehensive review examined vaginal microbiota dynamics in postmenopausal women through Predictive, Preventive, and Personalized Medicine (3PM/PPPM), revealing characteristic shifts-increased alpha diversity, reduced Lactobacillus dominance, and transitions toward non-Lactobacillus species-that serve as potential predictive biomarkers for the menopausal state, premature ovarian insufficiency, and GSM symptoms. The analysis evaluated microbiota-based risk stratification strategies for vaginal dysbiosis and demonstrated the effectiveness of both hormonal interventions (systemic/local estrogen, tibolone, ospemifene) and non-hormonal alternatives (probiotics, energy-based devices, pessary) in normalizing microbiota composition and improving vaginal health. The application of PPPM/3PM transformed menopausal healthcare from reactive to proactive precision-based care by establishing microbiota-based biomarkers that predict health risks, enable early targeted interventions tailored to specific microbiota profiles, and guide personalized treatment approaches based on individual microbial compositions. While this paradigm shift significantly advances gynecological medicine, research gaps remain in validating baseline microbiota signatures as predictive biomarkers and establishing standardized screening protocols. Further studies are needed to validate interventions such as probiotics and prebiotics, optimizing strain selection for personalized, evidence-based preventive and therapeutic strategies. Developing standardized yet personalized protocols to restore a balanced vaginal microbiome could help alleviate menopause-related symptoms. Advancing microbiota-based personalized therapeutic approaches is crucial to enhancing the quality of life for postmenopausal women through targeted and individualized vaginal health management.

    PMID:40438491 | PMC:PMC12106263 | DOI:10.1007/s13167-025-00406-7

  • Association of High BMI with Dental History, Sociodemographic Characteristics, and DMFT Index in Female Students at Taif University Sports Center: A Cross-Sectional AnalysisThis link opens in a new windowMay 28, 2025

    J Clin Med. 2025 May 15;14(10):3464. doi: 10.3390/jcm14103464.

    ABSTRACT

    Background/Objectives: Oral health has a significant impact on our overall well-being. The DMFT index assesses dental caries prevalence, whilst the body mass index (BMI) estimates body fat, with obesity defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Obesity adversely affects women's health, including increased risks of chronic diseases. In Saudi Arabia, with a rising obesity rate, especially amongst women, highlights the need to investigate the relationship between BMI and oral health. Our aim is to evaluate the association of high BMI (body mass index), dental history, diet, physical activity, and oral hygiene practices with DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) of female students at Taif University, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included female students at a sports facility in Taif University, Saudi Arabia, with a high BMI. A convenience sampling technique was used. Participants were categorized into three groups based on their BMI. Data was then collected through structured interviews and oral examinations. The prevalence and types of chief complaints, sociodemographic status, and DMFT index in female students with a high BMI, as well as the possible mechanisms linking BMI, were analyzed. Results: The study included 138 female students, 86 of whom were obese female students, aged 18-27. Compared to the control group, participants with higher BMI were more likely to visit the dentist due to pain and had a higher number of missing teeth. Systemic diseases, such as asthma and type 2 diabetes, were significantly more prevalent among obese participants. No significant correlation was found between BMI and dental hygiene practices or dietary habits. Higher BMI was significantly associated with an increase in missing teeth (β = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.18, p = 0.045). However, it was not found with the overall DMFT index. Conclusions: higher BMI among female university students was associated with an increased prevalence of missing teeth and systemic diseases.

    PMID:40429458 | DOI:10.3390/jcm14103464

  • Do irrigation solutions effect bond strength of composite resin to deep margin elevation material? An in-vitro studyThis link opens in a new windowMay 28, 2025

    BMC Oral Health. 2025 May 28;25(1):831. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06229-2.

    ABSTRACT

    BACKGROUND: The deep margin elevation (DME) technique provides advantages for root canal treatment, but the impact of applied irrigation protocols on bonding for subsequent restorations is a significant concern. The aim of this in vitro study was to test the bond strength of a flowable resin material used in DME restorations after composite restorations were exposed to different irrigation protocols.

    METHODS: Standard composite samples (G-aenial® Universal Injectable) were divided into nine groups according to irrigation protocols. Untreated composite sample were used as control. The group A were kept in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and the group B were kept in 3.5% chlorine dioxide (ClO2) for 30 min. Then, the following treatment protocols were applied to the subgroups, respectively. Group1A/B: 17%EDTA + 5.25%NaOCl + Distilled Water + 2%CHX, Group2A/B: 18%HEDP + 5.25%NaOCl + Distilled Water + 2%CHX, Group3A/B: 17%EDTA + 3.5%ClO2 + Distilled Water + 2%CHX, Group4A/B: 18%HEDP + 3.5%ClO2 + Distilled Water + 2%CHX. After irrigation procedures, samples were washed with distilled water and sandblasted. G-Premio Bond and composite restorations (G-aenial® A'CHORD) were applied. The samples were then cut perpendicular to the interface with an IsoMet® low speed diamond saw under water. For the microtensile bond strength test, rectangular sticks with an average cross-sectional area of ∼1 mm2 will be obtained. The first section with 1-mm thickness was excluded to prevent its possible confounding effect on the results. Three sections were obtained of each sample (n = 15) and tested for microtensile bond strength. The analysis of the data collected in accordance with the purpose of the study was performed with One-way ANOVA (n = 15). For multiple comparisons between groups, it was evaluated with Tukey HSD test.

    RESULTS: Groups A1 and A2, immersed in NaOCl for 30 min, showed statistically significantly lower bond strength compared to Group B3, immersed in ClO₂ for 30 min, and the control group (P < 0.05). The use of ClO₂ irrigation is recommended due to its positive effects on bond strength.

    CONCLUSION: Prolonged NaOCl irrigation may adversely affect the bond strength of flowable composites used for deep margin elevation.

    PMID:40437497 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-06229-2

  • Increased MPO concentration but decreased peroxidase activity in saliva of obese womenThis link opens in a new windowMay 28, 2025

    Sci Rep. 2025 May 28;15(1):18716. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-03565-9.

    ABSTRACT

    Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a key element of host defense against pathogens but is also implicated in disease. To explore whether MPO contributes to the postulated relationship between oral inflammation and obesity, the concentration of MPO and its activity were studied in saliva of obese and non-obese individuals. Whole mixed unstimulated saliva was obtained from 44 apparently healthy women without (n = 25) and with (n = 19) simple obesity. MPO concentration in saliva was measured by immunoassay; salivary peroxidation and chlorination activities were assessed with tetramethylbenzidine- and aminophenyl-fluorescein-based assays, respectively. Salivary MPO concentrations were found to be significantly higher in obese than in non-obese women and could distinguish these two populations. However, it did not correlate with total salivary peroxidation activity (TSPA), which was lower in obese women. MPO chlorinating activity was not detected in pure saliva in neither of the groups. The subjects' body weight, waist-to-hip ratio and the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines in saliva correlated positively with MPO concentration, but negatively with TSPA. In conclusion, MPO concentration in saliva is significantly increased in obesity but does not correlate with salivary peroxidation activity, which is lower in the obese. It may indicate that obesity impairs the ability of saliva to mitigate oxidative stress associated with inflammation.

    PMID:40436958 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-03565-9

  • The Histological Features and Physical Properties of Eroded Dental Hard TissuesThis link opens in a new windowMay 28, 2025

    Monogr Oral Sci. 2025;33:72-80. doi: 10.1159/000543884. Epub 2025 May 28.

    ABSTRACT

    Erosive demineralisation causes characteristic histological features. In enamel, mineral is dissolved from the surface, resulting in a roughened structure similar to an etching pattern. If the acid impact continues, the initial surface mineral loss turns into bulk tissue loss, and with time, a visible defect can develop. The microhardness of the remaining surface is reduced, increasing the susceptibility to physical wear. The histology of eroded dentine is much more complex because the mineral component of the tissue is dissolved by acids, whereas the organic part is remaining. At least in experimental erosion, a distinct zone of demineralised organic material develops, the thickness of which depends on the acid impact. This structure is of importance for many aspects, e.g., the progression rate or the interaction with active agents and physical impacts, and needs to be considered when quantifying mineral loss. The histology of experimental erosion is increasingly well understood, but there is lack of knowledge about the histology of in vivo lesions. For enamel erosion, it is reasonable to assume that the principal features may be similar, but the fate of the demineralised dentine matrix in the oral cavity is unclear. As dentine lesions normally appear hard clinically, it can be assumed that it is degraded by the variety of enzymes present in the oral cavity. Erosive tooth wear may lead to the formation of reactionary or reparative dentine.

    PMID:40435958 | DOI:10.1159/000543884

  • Subcutaneous and Periorbital Emphysema Following a Dental ProcedureThis link opens in a new windowMay 29, 2025

    Cureus. 2025 Apr 27;17(4):e83089. doi: 10.7759/cureus.83089. eCollection 2025 Apr.

    ABSTRACT

    Subcutaneous emphysema following dental procedures is rare. We present the case of a young, healthy woman who was transferred from a dental clinic to our emergency department due to sudden swelling of the left orbit immediately after a dental procedure involving the use of the dental air and water syringe. The diagnosis of subcutaneous facial emphysema was made based on the patient's history, physical examination, and computed tomography imaging. The patient received prophylactic amoxicillin, and the lesion resolved completely in one week. Prompt clinical suspicion and a thorough evaluation of the signs and symptoms, including a detailed clinical history, are crucial for diagnosing subcutaneous emphysema following a dental procedure.

    PMID:40438807 | PMC:PMC12116784 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.83089

  • Young Female With Gingival Lesion of Intraoral Osseous Choristoma: A Rare Case ReportThis link opens in a new windowMay 29, 2025

    Case Rep Dent. 2025 May 21;2025:7706892. doi: 10.1155/crid/7706892. eCollection 2025.

    ABSTRACT

    Choristoma is a mass of tissue with normal histology similar to a part of the body that is different from the one in which it is located. It differs from the hamartomatous group of pathology which is normal tissue, but disorganized, found in an abnormal location. Documentation of the occurrence of osseous choristoma lesions in the oral cavity has been scarce, and most of the cases have been reported in the tongue. It is very seldom to arise from the interdental gingiva. Indeed, choristoma is considered a developmental anomaly, involving younger individuals, although many cases among older adults have been reported. The differential diagnoses include cartilaginous metaplasia, pleomorphic adenoma, salivary gland tissue, and the lesions of inflammatory or traumatic origin that may give rise to hamartomas in the oral cavity. In this case report, we present a case of osseous choristoma arising from the mandibular, posterior buccal gingiva in a young female patient.

    PMID:40438702 | PMC:PMC12119154 | DOI:10.1155/crid/7706892

  • Keratinizing Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Buccal Mucosa: A Comprehensive Clinical and Histopathological Analysis of a Rare CaseThis link opens in a new windowMay 29, 2025

    Ethiop J Health Sci. 2024 May;34(3):251-254. doi: 10.4314/ejhs.v34i3.10.

    ABSTRACT

    Salivary gland tumors make up a relatively small proportion, ranging from 1% to 4%, of all neoplasms in the human body. Among these, pleomorphic adenoma stands out as a distinct benign tumor of the salivary glands, characterized by a combination of epithelial and mesenchymal elements.Only 0.3% to 1.5%, of biopsies in oral and Maxillofacial pathology laboratories are associated with tumors originating from minor salivary glands. Keratinizing pleomorphic adenoma, a rare variant accounting for 5-10% of all pleomorphic adenomas, differs from the typical form due to the presence of keratin within the tumor cells, serving as a distinguishing histological feature. The incidence of keratinizing pleomorphic adenoma is not well-established but is believed to be less than 1 case per 100,000 people per year. Here we present an atypical histopathological variation of pleomorphic adenoma, featuring extensive keratinization and manifesting in a less typical anatomical location in a 57-year-old male patient.

    PMID:40438445 | PMC:PMC12110195 | DOI:10.4314/ejhs.v34i3.10

  • A Novel Appointment Protocol to Accelerate Orthodontic Treatment: A Case ReportThis link opens in a new windowMay 29, 2025

    Cureus. 2025 May 25;17(5):e84808. doi: 10.7759/cureus.84808. eCollection 2025 May.

    ABSTRACT

    The need for orthodontic treatment among adult patients has been steadily increasing. A considerable number of these patients request to expedite their treatment owing to personal circumstances, including travel, relocation to another country, university enrollments, and preparations for weddings or other celebrations. To achieve expedited outcomes, various techniques have been devised over the years to expedite tooth movement during orthodontic treatment, encompassing pharmacological, surgical, and physical methods. Efficient scheduling is acknowledged as a crucial factor in the timely completion of orthodontic treatment. A uniform approach is not appropriate for scheduling orthodontic appointments. The optimal time frame varies depending on the specific contextual factors. We have implemented a novel orthodontic appointment protocol that entails scheduling orthodontic adjustment appointments every 10 days and employing metal passive self-ligating brackets combined with rapid archwire sequencing from lightest archwires to thick archwires in a gradual approach starting with lighter archwires, which efficiently facilitated expedited treatment.

    PMID:40438879 | PMC:PMC12119151 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.84808

  • The predictive role of inflammation indices derived from complete blood count in severe COVID-19 patients: a study from the United Arab EmiratesThis link opens in a new windowMay 29, 2025

    Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 May 14;12:1565616. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1565616. eCollection 2025.

    ABSTRACT

    PURPOSE: To investigate the predictive effect and determine the cut-off values of complete blood count parameters in severe COVID-19 hospitalized patients in the United Arab Emirates.

    METHODS: A retrospective observational analytical study analyzed data from 738 medical records of COVID-19 hospitalized patients across several healthcare centers in the United Arab Emirates between 29 January 2020 and 14 October 2021. Complete blood count ratios and indices on admission were evaluated for COVID-19 severity using receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivity, and specificity.

    RESULTS: Main complete blood count-based ratios and indices significantly predicting severe COVID-19 were elevated ratios index (optimal cut-off point ≥3; AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.77-4.42), systemic immune-inflammation index (≥1259.95; AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.53-3.87), systemic inflammation response index (≥3.96; AOR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.79-4.72), aggregate index of systemic inflammation (≥949.02; AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.43-3.77), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (≥188.91; AOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.39-3.53), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (≥2.91; AOR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.84-4.87), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (≥6.01; AOR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.98-5.12).

    CONCLUSION: Identifying hematological markers' predictive effects and their cut-off values can aid healthcare providers in risk classification and the development of tailored treatment plans. It can also provide cheap, quick, and easy guidance for surveillance systems to lessen the impact of any future outbreaks.

    PMID:40438363 | PMC:PMC12116627 | DOI:10.3389/fmed.2025.1565616

  • Comparing orthodontic pre-treatment information provided by large language modelsThis link opens in a new windowMay 28, 2025

    BMC Oral Health. 2025 May 28;25(1):838. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06246-1.

    ABSTRACT

    This study collected and screened the 50 most common pre-treatment consultation questions from adult orthodontic patients through clinical practice. Responses to these questions were generated using three large language models: Ernie Bot, ChatGPT, and Gemini. The responses were evaluated across six dimensions: Professional Accuracy (PA), Accuracy of Content(AC), Clarity and Comprehensibility (CC), Personalization and Relevance (PR), Information Completeness (IC), and Empathy and Patient-Centeredness (EHC). Results indicated that scores for each group in various dimensions primarily fell within the range of 3-4 points, with relatively few high-quality scores (5 points). While large language models demonstrate some capability in addressing open-ended questions, their use in medical consultation, particularly in orthodontic medicine, requires caution and further integration with professional guidance and verification. Future research and technological improvements should focus on enhancing AI(Artificial Intelligence) performance in accuracy, information completeness, and humanistic care to better meet the needs of diverse clinical scenarios.

    PMID:40437500 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-06246-1

  • Colloidal few layered graphene-tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cellsThis link opens in a new windowMay 29, 2025

    Beilstein J Nanotechnol. 2025 May 20;16:664-677. doi: 10.3762/bjnano.16.51. eCollection 2025.

    ABSTRACT

    Dental diseases pose a global health concern. In addition to medication and care, the use of biocompatible and even bioactive dental materials can contribute to global oral health. Among such materials, nanomaterials begin to be used. In this context, the incorporation of graphene-based materials into dental biomaterials could offer advantages such as increased mechanical strength. Nevertheless, biocompatibility issues still hinder their adoption. In this study, a biocomposite of few-layered graphene and tannic acid (FLG-TA) was synthesized through a straightforward, bio-based methodology. Physicochemical characterizations elucidated the structural and morphological attributes of the biocomposite. By incorporating antioxidant TA molecules onto the FLG surface, the biocomposite dynamically mitigated reactive oxygen species, demonstrating no cytotoxicity to periodontal ligament cells up to 200 µg·mL-1 while promoting cellular adhesion and maintaining chromatin integrity. Overall, because of its favorable biocompatibility FLG-TA holds promise as a novel biomaterial for dental applications.

    PMID:40438267 | PMC:PMC12117215 | DOI:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

  • Recombinant human fibronectin segment (rhFN<sub>1024</sub>) hydrogel carried hPDLSCs to repair diabetic trauma by activated NF-κB signaling pathwayThis link opens in a new windowMay 29, 2025

    Regen Biomater. 2025 May 15;12:rbaf027. doi: 10.1093/rb/rbaf027. eCollection 2025.

    ABSTRACT

    The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) plays a crucial role in chronic inflammation and delayed wound healing in individuals with diabetes. In this context, fibronectin has been identified as a crucial protein that promotes the differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) into myofibroblasts, which play a vital role in the repair of diabetic skin ulcers. This process is intimately associated with the integrin β1 receptor and the NF-κB signaling pathway, both crucial for cellular responses to fibronectin. To validate our hypothesis, we expressed rhFN1024, a recombinant protein containing the integrin β1 affinity-binding domain from human fibronectin segments 12-14. This protein was used to formulate a hydrogel for hPDLSCs. rhFN1024's binding affinity to integrin β1 was confirmed by molecular docking and the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). We developed sh-ITGB1-hPDLSCs with stable ITGB1 knockdown using shRNA-ITGB1 and compared their proliferation, migration and adhesion to wild-type hPDLSCs. Morphological changes were observed via SEM, and α-SMA expression levels were measured in AGEs-damaged hPDLSCs. We created full-thickness wound models in diabetic mice to assess pharmacodynamics. The study showed that rhFN1024 stimulated hPDLSCs differentiation into myofibroblasts by boosting ITGB1 expression. rhFN1024 also reduced AGEs' negative effects on hPDLSCs, as seen through SEM analysis and α-SMA levels. In full-thickness wound models, hPDLSCs and rhFN1024 accelerated re-epithelialization and collagen synthesis. rhFN1024 is proposed to interact with the ITGB1 receptor on hPDLSCs, activating the NF-κB pathway to neutralize AGEs-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study suggests rhFN1024 as a potential biomedical material for tissue repair.

    PMID:40438201 | PMC:PMC12119132 | DOI:10.1093/rb/rbaf027

  • A retrospective study on the impact of different antibiotic regimens in non-surgical periodontal therapy on microbial loads and therapy outcomesThis link opens in a new windowMay 29, 2025

    Front Oral Health. 2025 May 14;6:1578484. doi: 10.3389/froh.2025.1578484. eCollection 2025.

    ABSTRACT

    INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to analyse the impact of different antibiotic regimens during non-surgical periodontal therapy on the microbial load of selected periodontitis-associated bacteria (PAB) and the primary therapy outcomes.

    METHODS: For this aim, 259 patients received steps I and II of periodontal therapy and were included in this clinical trial. 202 patients were treated without the adjunctive use of systemic antibiotics, 18 received amoxicillin (AMOX) as well as metronidazole (MET) and 39 only MET. Subgingival biofilm samples were quantitatively analysed for selected PAB using DNA-DNA-hybridisation-based detection assays for microbial loads of PAB before and 6 months after treatment. Changes in the microbial load of PAB and achievement of a "treat-to-target" endpoint (T2T) (≤4 sites with probing depth ≥5 mm) were analysed. Patients' subgingival microbial load was significantly reduced following therapy.

    RESULTS: 38.2% of the patients achieved T2T. Binary logistic regression adjusted for confounders indicated a relationship between residual PAB levels and not achieving T2T. In patients not receiving systemic antibiotics a 2.4-fold increased risk of not reaching T2T after steps I and II therapy was observed (none vs. MET aOR = 2.38 p = 0.44). Linear regression analysis adjusted for T0 PAB concentration and confounders revealed an increased reduction of PAB levels in patients with systemic antibiotics. No difference in PAB reduction or chance of achieving T2T was observed between MET and MET + AMOX.

    DISCUSSION: Microbial loads of PAB were found directly associated with periodontal status. As antibiotic treatment with both MET and MET + AMOX similarly reduced microbial loads of PAB, treatment with MET alone may be sufficiently effective as adjunctive to non-surgical periodontal treatment. To confirm this, further prospective studies with bigger sample size are needed.

    PMID:40438085 | PMC:PMC12116549 | DOI:10.3389/froh.2025.1578484

  • Young Female With Gingival Lesion of Intraoral Osseous Choristoma: A Rare Case ReportThis link opens in a new windowMay 29, 2025

    Case Rep Dent. 2025 May 21;2025:7706892. doi: 10.1155/crid/7706892. eCollection 2025.

    ABSTRACT

    Choristoma is a mass of tissue with normal histology similar to a part of the body that is different from the one in which it is located. It differs from the hamartomatous group of pathology which is normal tissue, but disorganized, found in an abnormal location. Documentation of the occurrence of osseous choristoma lesions in the oral cavity has been scarce, and most of the cases have been reported in the tongue. It is very seldom to arise from the interdental gingiva. Indeed, choristoma is considered a developmental anomaly, involving younger individuals, although many cases among older adults have been reported. The differential diagnoses include cartilaginous metaplasia, pleomorphic adenoma, salivary gland tissue, and the lesions of inflammatory or traumatic origin that may give rise to hamartomas in the oral cavity. In this case report, we present a case of osseous choristoma arising from the mandibular, posterior buccal gingiva in a young female patient.

    PMID:40438702 | PMC:PMC12119154 | DOI:10.1155/crid/7706892

  • The predictive role of inflammation indices derived from complete blood count in severe COVID-19 patients: a study from the United Arab EmiratesThis link opens in a new windowMay 29, 2025

    Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 May 14;12:1565616. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1565616. eCollection 2025.

    ABSTRACT

    PURPOSE: To investigate the predictive effect and determine the cut-off values of complete blood count parameters in severe COVID-19 hospitalized patients in the United Arab Emirates.

    METHODS: A retrospective observational analytical study analyzed data from 738 medical records of COVID-19 hospitalized patients across several healthcare centers in the United Arab Emirates between 29 January 2020 and 14 October 2021. Complete blood count ratios and indices on admission were evaluated for COVID-19 severity using receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivity, and specificity.

    RESULTS: Main complete blood count-based ratios and indices significantly predicting severe COVID-19 were elevated ratios index (optimal cut-off point ≥3; AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.77-4.42), systemic immune-inflammation index (≥1259.95; AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.53-3.87), systemic inflammation response index (≥3.96; AOR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.79-4.72), aggregate index of systemic inflammation (≥949.02; AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.43-3.77), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (≥188.91; AOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.39-3.53), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (≥2.91; AOR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.84-4.87), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (≥6.01; AOR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.98-5.12).

    CONCLUSION: Identifying hematological markers' predictive effects and their cut-off values can aid healthcare providers in risk classification and the development of tailored treatment plans. It can also provide cheap, quick, and easy guidance for surveillance systems to lessen the impact of any future outbreaks.

    PMID:40438363 | PMC:PMC12116627 | DOI:10.3389/fmed.2025.1565616

  • Equality of specialist orthodontic care for adolescents in the Swedish public dental service: a cohort studyThis link opens in a new windowMay 28, 2025

    BMC Oral Health. 2025 May 28;25(1):841. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06220-x.

    ABSTRACT

    BACKGROUND: In Sweden, dental care for children and adolescents, including specialist orthodontic treatment, is publicly funded. This study aims to analyze the impact of sociodemographic factors on the distribution of publicly funded specialist orthodontic treatment in a mid-sized Swedish region.

    METHODS: A registry-based cohort study was conducted in Region Östergötland, including individuals born between 2000 and 2003. Sociodemographic data were obtained from Statistics Sweden (SCB), while dental health information was sourced from The Swedish Quality Registry for Caries and Periodontal Disease (SKaPa). The primary outcome variable was initiation of specialist orthodontic treatment, extracted from dental records. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata v.18.1.

    RESULTS: The cohort comprised 16 893 individuals, with 51.5% males and 48.5% females. Specialist orthodontic treatment was initiated for 25.7% of the population (n = 4 342), with most treatments involving fixed appliances. Several sociodemographic factors were significantly associated with the likelihood of receiving orthodontic treatment. Females had 1.74 times higher odds (95% CI: 1.63-1.87) of receiving treatment compared to males. Individuals born in Sweden had 1.42 times greater odds (95% CI: 1.18-1.72) of receiving treatment compared to those born abroad. Similarly, children with Swedish-born parents had 1.16 times increased odds (95% CI: 1.04-1.30) compared to children with foreign-born parents. Children of mothers with university/college education had an OR of 1.29 (95% CI: 1.12-1.48), while those whose fathers had a university/college education had an OR of 1.19 (95% CI: 1.05-1.34), compared to parents with primary/lower secondary education.

    CONCLUSIONS: Males, individuals born outside Sweden, those with foreign born parents, and whose parents had lower educational levels were less likely to receive orthodontic treatment within the publicly funded dental health services in Region Östergötland. These findings suggest that sociodemographic factors influenced the distribution of orthodontic care, though the role of treatment demand requires further investigation.

    PMID:40437452 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-06220-x

  • Effects of popular Saudi Arabian beverages on tooth shade after home bleaching: an in vitro analysisThis link opens in a new windowMay 28, 2025

    BMC Oral Health. 2025 May 28;25(1):822. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06183-z.

    ABSTRACT

    This in vitro study aimed to examine the effects of popular Saudi Arabian beverages on tooth shade after home bleaching. A total of 60 extracted single-rooted teeth were used, of which 45 teeth were bleached using a 35% carbamide peroxide gel and an LED light. After bleaching, the teeth were immersed in three different beverages-Cola, Arabic Qahwa, and Black Coffee-for 14 days, while a control group of unbleached teeth (n = 15) was also exposed to the same beverages (5 teeth/ beverage). Tooth color changes were assessed using a spectrophotometer before and after immersion. Statistical analysis was conducted using Mann-Whitney and t-tests, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results showed that after bleaching, the Cola group had a slightly higher mean E1 value compared to the control, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.087). After 14 days of immersion, both the Cola and control groups exhibited increased changes in tooth shade, with no significant difference in ΔE values. In contrast, the Arabian Qahwa group showed significantly (p = 0.001) greater discoloration than the control group, indicating a stronger staining effect. For the Black Coffee group, the mean E2 value was 16.04 ± 2.97, while the control group had a higher mean of 19.2 ± 2.09, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.044). The study concluded that beverages such as Cola, Arabic Qahwa, and Black Coffee can influence tooth shade over time. Black Coffee caused significant discoloration, whereas Cola showed statistically insignificant changes. However, Arabic Qahwa led to significant differences in ΔE values compared to the controls, indicating a notable effect on tooth shade.

    PMID:40437437 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-06183-z

  • Which management strategy has the highest success rate for occlusoproximal caries lesions in primary molars? A systematic review and network meta-analysisThis link opens in a new windowMay 28, 2025

    Evid Based Dent. 2025 May 29. doi: 10.1038/s41432-025-01164-1. Online ahead of print.

    ABSTRACT

    AIM: Managing occlusoproximal lesions remains a challenge for dental professionals. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the best strategy to treat occlusoproximal caries lesions in primary molars.

    METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and ProQuest up to 7th February 2024. Randomized controlled trials comparing different management strategies for occlusoproximal caries lesions with at least 12 months of follow-up were included. Network meta-analyses were carried out considering the success rate of the treatments as the outcome. Risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2 tool, and the certainty of evidence with the GRADE tool.

    RESULTS: Seven studies were included, evaluating five treatment modalities: Hall Technique (HT), non-restorative cavity control (NRCC), conventional restorative treatment (CRT), silver diamine fluoride application (SDF), and Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART). HT had the highest success rate (80.8%). There was no statistical difference between other strategies. Only two studies showed a low risk of bias; the others had a high risk, primarily due to selective reporting bias.

    DISCUSSION: The HT had the highest success rate at 80.8%, making it the most effective treatment for occlusoproximal caries in primary molars. However, no significant difference was found between other treatment strategies. The certainty of evidence is limited by the high risk of bias, particularly selective reporting bias. Future research should also consider factors like patient preference and cost-effectiveness to better assess treatments in a patient-centered context.

    CONCLUSION: HT is the most effective option for managing occlusoproximal caries in primary molars in terms of success rate. However, the evidence is based on studies with a high risk of bias, and the certainty of evidence ranges from very low to moderate.

    PROSPERO: CRD42021281085.

    PMID:40437149 | DOI:10.1038/s41432-025-01164-1

  • Effects of sintering protocols, yttria content, and zirconia thickness on the optical properties of monolithic zirconiaThis link opens in a new windowMay 28, 2025

    J Oral Sci. 2025 May 28. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.25-0083. Online ahead of print.

    ABSTRACT

    PURPOSE: This laboratory-based study evaluated the effects of sintering protocols, yttria content, and zirconia thickness on the optical properties of monolithic zirconia.

    METHODS: Three partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) materials, one monolayer (HT) and two multilayer (GE, FX) samples, with thicknesses of 0.5-1.5 mm were tested under conventional and speed sintering protocols. Translucency parameter (TP), color difference (ΔE00), and spectral reflectance were measured using a spectrophotometer against standardized black and white backgrounds. Statistical analyses were performed using a one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post-hoc tests, and correlation analysis.

    RESULTS: The TP values decreased with increasing zirconia thickness; significant differences were observed between the sintering protocols. Speed sintering resulted in lower transparency in certain materials, particularly GE. Conversely, HT exhibited consistent optical properties across the sintering protocols. The ΔE00 values for multilayer zirconia exceeded clinically acceptable thresholds, with greater variations observed for thicker specimens. Spectral reflectance curves were minimally influenced by the sintering protocol and thickness for monolayer zirconia, whereas they showed significant variations for multilayer zirconia.

    CONCLUSION: The results indicate that sintering protocols and material composition significantly influence the optical properties of zirconia, underscoring the necessity of optimizing processing conditions to enhance both esthetic and functional performance in clinical applications.

    PMID:40436775 | DOI:10.2334/josnusd.25-0083