Dentistry & Dental Hygiene

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Dec 29;22(1):26. doi: 10.3390/ijerph22010026.

ABSTRACT

Inflation generates stress, which may lead to high rates of anxiety and depression. Given the recent surge and subsequent decline in the inflation rate in the United States, the prevalence of stress due to inflation may vary, as well as its relationship with anxiety and depression. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of stress due to inflation and its association with anxiety and depression over time among working-age adults in the United States. We conducted a repeated cross-sectional analysis using Household Pulse Survey (HPS) data for the following weeks: Week 50 (5-17 October 2022) and Week 57 (26 April-8 May 2023). The HPS includes questions about individuals' stress levels due to price increases in the past two months. We used logistic regressions to examine the association of stress (moderate or high stress versus little or no stress) due to inflation with depression and anxiety among working-age adults controlling for several factors, including demographic factors and social determinants of health. From October 2022 to April-May 2023, the prevalence of stress due to inflation affected more than three quarters of the population (77.7% and 78.7%, respectively). In logistic regressions, we found a significant positive association of stress due to inflation with depression (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) [95% CI] = 2.22 [1.92, 2.57]) and anxiety (AOR [95% CI] = 2.50 [2.18, 2.86]). Despite a decline in the prevalence of both depression and anxiety by three percentage points over the study period, the associations between stress, due to inflation on the one hand, and anxiety and depression, on the other, persisted over time. Stress due to inflation affects more than three-quarters of Americans, and is significantly associated with depression and anxiety. Stress due to inflation is a significant and persistent public health issue.

PMID:39857479 | PMC:PMC11764509 | DOI:10.3390/ijerph22010026

J Dent Educ. 2025 Feb;89(2):177-185. doi: 10.1002/jdd.13713. Epub 2024 Sep 22.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The Regional Initiatives in Dental Education (RIDE) program is an educational track of the University of Washington School of Dentistry that aims to produce leaders who practice in rural areas of the Pacific Northwest. This study assesses outcomes of the first 10 years of the RIDE program. The hypothesis tested is that rural background is the most important predictor of long-term rural dental practice.

METHODS: This descriptive study assessed existing data including graduates' location of practice, demographics, rurality of origin, parental occupation, and practice type over time. Subjects are all graduates of the RIDE program from 2012 to 2021 (N = 80), and range in age from 25 to 50 years. Statistical analyses were utilized to explore associations.

RESULTS: Within the study sample 78% of graduates practiced in a rural and/or underserved area, 32.5% of graduates pursued post-graduate dental training, 40% participated in Medicaid, and 78% practiced in the Pacific Northwest at the time of analysis (March 2023). Statistical analysis demonstrated a strong association and medium to large effect sizes between both rural upbringing and training sites and established dental practice in a rural region.

CONCLUSIONS: Graduates of the RIDE program practice in rural areas in greater proportion compared to the general population of practicing dentists. RIDE graduates from the study period tended to be male, and white, and practice in a health professional shortage area or rural site. The rurality of origin analysis was confounded by the substantial number of graduates from Spokane, Washington, an urban area surrounded by extensive rural territory.

PMID:39307975 | PMC:PMC11862983 | DOI:10.1002/jdd.13713

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2024 Dec;138(6):719-727. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2024.07.006. Epub 2024 Jul 22.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To report the first examples of ectopic salivary glands of TMJ ligaments & capsules.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Nine subjects with chronic TMJ disorders were found incidentally to have ectopic salivary glands (choristomas) within or near damaged TMJ ligaments and capsules. Clinicopathologic characteristics of 12 TMJs are summarized.

RESULTS: The 9 subjects were ages 22-64 years (average = 43.0); 6 were female. Microscopic examination revealed major, almost complete ligament replacement by dense, avascular fibrous scar tissue in all but 1 sample. Chronic inflammatory cells were present in the stroma of 3 samples. A total of 33 lobular, independent salivary structures of variable sizes were embedded in or near ligaments and/or capsules. Half were multiple in the same joint; 13 were bilaterally located in the joints of a single subject, with 8 small glandular lobules in one TMJ. All glands consisted of histologically normal serous acini except 1 which showed a focal lobule of mucus acini and another comprised only of mucus acini. Serial sections showed no connection to parotid glands. Some choristomas showed the aging phenomena of fatty infiltrates (n = 7) and oncocytosis (n = 7). Additionally, 3 of the 12 TMJ samples contained preauricular lymph nodes, with 3 nodes in 1 joint and bilateral involvement in 1 subject. Of the 5 identified nodes, all but one was hyperplastic, with nonspecific inflammatory histiocytosis.

CONCLUSIONS: We report, for the first time, independent salivary gland choristomas (n = 33) within the soft tissues of the TMJ (n = 12), with one joint containing 8 such choristomas. All consisted of normal serous tissue except one, a mucus gland. Additionally, a fourth of TMJ surgical samples contained hyperplastic preauricular lymph nodes.

PMID:39304413 | DOI:10.1016/j.oooo.2024.07.006

J Pineal Res. 2025 Apr;77(3):e70055. doi: 10.1111/jpi.70055.

ABSTRACT

Thalassemia patients often exhibit low bone mineral density (BMD). The iron overload associated with thalassemia elevates oxidative stress levels, leading to reduced BMD. Melatonin improves BMD in postmenopausal osteopenia, however, its effect on BMD in thalassemia patients with iron overload has not been investigated. A randomized controlled study was conducted at Hematology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University. Thalassemia patients with osteopenia and iron overloaded condition, as indicated by BMD Z-score <-2 at l-spine, femoral neck, or total hip, and serum ferritin level > 500 μg/L were recruited in this study. Patients were randomized to receive either melatonin 20 mg/day or placebo at bedtime for 12 months. BMD was re-evaluated 12 months after interventions. Bone turnover markers (BTM), malondialdehyde (MDA as an oxidative stress marker), and pain scores were assessed at baseline, 6, and 12 months. The outcomes, including BMD, BTM, MDA, and pain scores, were evaluated in all patients. Forty-one thalassemia patients (18 males) were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to either the melatonin group (n = 21) or the placebo group (n = 20). Characteristics of patients were not differences between groups. Mean age was 30.8 ± 6.2 years old. Thirty-three patients (80.4%) were transfusion-dependent patients. At 12 months, mean BMD at l-spine in melatonin group was not significantly different from placebo group (p = 0.069). However, l-spine BMD at 12 months in the melatonin group was significantly greater than baseline (p = 0.029). Serum levels of P1NP and MDA were significantly reduced at 6 months compared to baseline following melatonin treatment. The melatonin group experienced a notable decrease in back pain scores after 12 months compared to the initial measurements. 20 mg daily melatonin supplementation for 12 months alleviated l-spine BMD loss in iron-overloaded thalassemia with low BMD. Melatonin also significantly reduced circulating oxidative stress and mitigated back pain in these patients.

PMID:40329508 | DOI:10.1111/jpi.70055

Niger J Clin Pract. 2025 Jan 1;28(1):1-7. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_256_24. Epub 2025 Mar 17.

ABSTRACT

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) remains a leading global health challenge. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as promising biomarkers for CAD. A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines evaluated 22 studies to assess long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as biomarkers for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Among 27 identified lncRNAs in 5,301 participants, KCNQ1OT1, HIF1A-AS2, and APOA1-AS showed notable diagnostic accuracy, with 100% sensitivity and 80% specificity. One lncRNA, OTTHUMT00000387022, exhibited the highest specificity at 98%. Despite methodological differences, consistent diagnostic relevance was observed across studies, with sensitivity and specificity reaching 100% and 98%, respectively. This review underscores the potential of lncRNAs as CAD biomarkers, with 23 upregulated and 4 downregulated lncRNAs identified. Their stable presence in human biofluids and strong association with CAD suggest their utility as diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets.

PMID:40326930 | DOI:10.4103/njcp.njcp_256_24

Niger J Clin Pract. 2025 Feb 1;28(2):195-202. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_64_24. Epub 2025 Mar 27.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The lips serve crucial functions for the face, including facial expression, speech, eating, and esthetics. Surgeons who repair or reconstruct facial deformities often rely on the anatomy and dimensions of these structures.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to collect diverse data on lip morphology.

DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.

SETTINGS: College of Dentistry, Jazan.

METHODS: The current study included randomly selected Saudi adults with complete dentition with ages ranging from 18 to 30 years. The lips or their surrounding areas of patients with abnormalities, malformations, deformities, inflammation, trauma, or surgical scars (cleft lip operations) were omitted.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Average lip size of male and female population in Jazan, KSA.

SAMPLE SIZE: 400 (200 males and 200 females).

RESULTS: The mean height of the upper vermilion was 14.38 mm in males and 13.78 mm in females. The height of the upper lip (Sn-Sto) was measured, with males having a mean value of 24.05 ± 4.02 mm (range, 15-32 mm) and females having a mean value of 20.66 ± 4.12 mm. The difference between the sexes was statistically significant. The medial vertical height of the cutaneous lower lip (Li-SI) of females had a mean value of 10.63 ± 1.59 mm, and that of males had a mean value of 11.55 ± 2.25 mm. The height of the lower lip of males was 20.28 ± 5.2 mm and that of females was 16.95 ± 3.03 mm, and the differences were statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: Significant differences in lip measurements between males and females (indicating sexual dimorphism) were observed. Additionally, the upper vermilion tends to be thinner than the lower vermilion in both sexes, with this being the most prominent feature of the region. Furthermore, the height of the cutaneous upper lip was greater than that of the cutaneous lower lip, and the medial vertical height of the upper lip was greater than that of the lower lip in both sexes.

PMID:40326901 | DOI:10.4103/njcp.njcp_64_24

Case Rep Dent. 2025 Apr 28;2025:9977128. doi: 10.1155/crid/9977128. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

The radicular cyst is an inflammatory pathology affecting the periapical bone tissue associated with teeth exhibiting pulp necrosis. Without timely endodontic intervention, this pathology can lead to significant bone tissue destruction due to its growth pattern, necessitating both endodontic and surgical approaches to halt its progression and remove the involved tissue. This case study details the management of a 23-year-old patient with a history of prior trauma, presenting with pressure in the anterior maxillary region. Tomographic examination revealed a hypodense area involving Teeth 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3. A surgical approach involving enucleation and endodontic treatment was undertaken. The diagnosis was confirmed histopathologically, and follow-up radiographs demonstrated satisfactory bone filling.

PMID:40330902 | PMC:PMC12052440 | DOI:10.1155/crid/9977128

Case Rep Dent. 2025 Apr 28;2025:2909252. doi: 10.1155/crid/2909252. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

Dens invaginatus (DI) is a developmental anomaly that affects teeth. This case report demonstrates the successful endoaesthetic management of a Type II DI in the maxillary right lateral incisor (Tooth 12). A 12-year-old female patient presented with pain and swelling in Tooth 12, which had previously been diagnosed with DI and accessed endodontically. The patient was also concerned about the aesthetic appearance of her anterior teeth. Clinical, radiographic, and tomographic findings confirmed Oehler's type II DI, with root perforation and an apical abscess in Tooth 12, as well as pulp necrosis in Tooth 13. Nonsurgical root canal treatment was recommended for both teeth, with additional root perforation repair for Tooth 12. Multiple visits were required for nonsurgical endodontic therapy. During the initial visit, the perforation was identified and sealed, followed by chemomechanical preparation and placement of calcium hydroxide paste. Ten months later, the root canals were filled. After endodontic treatment, the patient underwent in-office bleaching, followed by composite resin veneers on the upper anterior teeth, using the preformed metal matrix technique. This resulted in excellent aesthetic outcomes. At the 2-year follow-up examination, the patient remained asymptomatic, and radiographic assessment showed complete resolution of the periapical lesion. This case highlights the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration, precise treatment planning, and patient-centered care in achieving optimal endoaesthetic results in complex cases.

PMID:40330900 | PMC:PMC12052460 | DOI:10.1155/crid/2909252

Cureus. 2025 Apr 6;17(4):e81784. doi: 10.7759/cureus.81784. eCollection 2025 Apr.

ABSTRACT

Root canal treatment is a procedure that is often performed in dental practice, both on single-rooted and multi-rooted teeth. Endodontic treatment of multi-rooted teeth can be challenging due to variations in the root canal system. The most common anatomical variation in mandibular second molars is the C-shaped root canal system. In particular, mandibular molars with joined roots, a longitudinal radicular groove on the buccal and/or lingual root surface, and at least one axial cross-section with a "C-shaped" morphology are considered to have C-shaped morphology. To guarantee high-quality care, medication, and C-shaped canal obturation, we need preliminary radiography or cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to help us determine the diagnosis and best course of action. The purpose of this article is to show а clinical case of a lower second molar with C-shaped anatomy, in which, with magnification, preliminary radiography, and an appropriate system for root canal preparation and obturation, quality treatment is achieved, with the tooth being functional and preserved in the dentition.

PMID:40330375 | PMC:PMC12053441 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.81784

Mater Today Bio. 2025 Apr 18;32:101775. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101775. eCollection 2025 Jun.

ABSTRACT

Bone regeneration remains a critical challenge in modern medicine. Recent advancements have focused on incorporating hierarchical microstructures into biomaterials to enhance osteogenesis. Mineralized hydrogels, while promising, face limitations in precise microstructure control due to technical complexities. In this study, we present a biomimetic hierarchical structural mineralized hydrogel featuring a Liesegang pattern. In vitro experiments confirm that it significantly promotes the migration and osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). In vivo experiments further demonstrate its ability to significantly promote bone regeneration, with newly formed bone closely replicating the hydrogel's architecture. Notably, this hydrogel synthesis strategy eliminates time-consuming fabrication and extensive post-processing, offering a scalable and efficient route for advanced bone-regenerative materials.

PMID:40331154 | PMC:PMC12053635 | DOI:10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101775

Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 Apr 22;12:1566555. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1566555. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Computed tomography (CT) imaging of parotid pleomorphic adenoma (PA) has been widely reported, nonetheless few reports have estimated the capsule characteristics of PA at length. This study aimed to establish and validate CT-based intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics models to clarify the characteristics between parotid PA with and without complete capsule.

METHODS: In total, data of 129 patients with PA were randomly assigned to a training and test set at a ratio of 7:3. Quantitative radiomics features of the intratumoral and peritumoral regions of 2 mm and 5 mm on CT images were extracted, and radiomics models of Tumor, External2, External5, Tumor+ External2, and Tumor+External5 were constructed and used to train six different machine learning algorithms. Meanwhile, the prediction performances of different radiomics models (Tumor, External2, External5, Tumor+External2, Tumor+External5) based on single phase (plain, arterial, and venous phase) and multiphase (three-phase combination) were compared. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the prediction performance of each model.

RESULTS: Among all the established machine learning prediction radiomics models, the model based on a three-phase combination had better prediction performance, and the model using a combination of intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics features achieved a higher AUC than the model with only intratumoral or peritumoral radiomics features, and the Tumor+External2 model based on LR was the optimal model, the AUC of the test set was 0.817 (95% CI = 0.712, 0.847), and its prediction performance was significantly higher (p < 0.05, DeLong's test) than that with the Tumor model based on LDA (AUC of 0.772), the External2 model based on LR (AUC of 0.751), and the External5 model based on SVM (AUC of 0.667). And the Tumor+External2 model based on LR had a higher AUC than the Tumor+External5 model based on LDA (AUC = 0.817 vs. 0.796), but no statistically significant difference (P = 0.667).

CONCLUSION: The intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics model based on multiphasic CT images could accurately predict capsular characteristics of parotid of PA preoperatively, which may help in making treatment strategies before surgery, as well as avoid intraoperative tumor spillage and residuals.

PMID:40330775 | PMC:PMC12054526 | DOI:10.3389/fmed.2025.1566555

Cureus. 2025 May 5;17(5):e83490. doi: 10.7759/cureus.83490. eCollection 2025 May.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Our group is investigating the contribution of pharmacists in reducing medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) associated with bisphosphonates (BPs) and denosumab (Dmab). Recently, our group encountered a case of MRONJ occurring in an elderly care setting. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the actual use of BP and Dmab and the incidence of MRONJ in elderly care facilities. We also discussed measures for the prevention and early detection of MRONJ by dentists and pharmacists associated with these facilities.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey across four elderly care facilities (including the one where the case occurred) was conducted to determine the prevalence of BP and Dmab use and related factors, as well as the incidence of MRONJ.

RESULTS: Among 327 residents, 9.8% (32) were receiving BP or Dmab therapy (84.4% oral, 15.6% injectable). The encountered MRONJ case was the only one identified, occurring in a resident using injectable BP.

CONCLUSION: In these elderly facilities, 9.8% of residents used BPs or Dmab, with 15.6% receiving injectable formulations. One MRONJ case occurred with injectable BP use, suggesting the potential for sporadic MRONJ in elderly care. As BP/Dmab use is likely to increase, pharmacist intervention for prescription review and training for visiting dentists are considered effective strategies for MRONJ prevention and early detection.

PMID:40329970 | PMC:PMC12051078 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.83490

Patient Prefer Adherence. 2025 May 2;19:1273-1282. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S509901. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: There has been a consistent upward trend in orthodontic treatment across all age groups. It is one of the longest and most common medical interventions for children. There is a growing interest in the connection between orthodontic treatment and children's oral health-related quality of life to provide an insight into treatment needs and outcomes, as well as long-term improvement in oral health. However, to our knowledge the impact of fixed orthodontic appliances on the mental health of the children, their social context and their families have not been sufficiently investigated and have not yet been summarized. The objectives were to provide an overview of empirical research regarding the impact of fixed orthodontic appliances on children's mental health, social context and families.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across four databases. Studies investigating the effects and impact of fixed appliances on mental health, social context and families of children up to the age of 18 were included. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. The studies were reviewed, their results compared and analyzed narratively.

RESULTS: Ultimately, 30 studies were analyzed. The most common conclusions were that oral health-related quality of life worsens during and improves again after treatment. The extent to which orthodontic treatment limits or affects children's lives, their mental health, personality, personal development and behavior has not been extensively investigated.

CONCLUSION: Evidence of the impact of fixed orthodontic appliances on mental health and social context of children and their families is basically missing. However, this would be crucial for the consideration of evidence-based recommendations. Therefore, the impact of fixed orthodontic appliances should be addressed in further empirical studies.

PMID:40330537 | PMC:PMC12054534 | DOI:10.2147/PPA.S509901

J Lasers Med Sci. 2025 Feb 19;16:e5. doi: 10.34172/jlms.2025.05. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury is among the most common complications associated with orthognathic surgery. Managing these injuries poses significant challenges due to the lack of a standardized treatment protocol. This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the efficacy of blood products and photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy for neurosensory recovery in patients with IAN injuries after orthognathic surgery. Methods: This systematic review involved a comprehensive search of Scopus, Embase, and PubMed databases, as well as the initial 100 search results from Google Scholar, to identify relevant articles published between 2015 and 2024. The articles were selected using defined eligibility criteria. Results: The research paper reviewed 170 articles, ultimately including 14 studies that focused on IAN injury related to surgical procedures such as genioplasty, sagittal split mandibular ramus osteotomy (SSRO), and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO). Among these studies, five assessed the effectiveness of various blood products-specifically platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), leukocyte-rich PRF (L-PRF), advanced PRF (A-PRF), and concentrated growth factor (CGF)-all of which were found to alleviate hypoesthesia. Nine studies evaluated the efficacy of PBM, primarily utilizing wavelengths of 810 and 808 nm over 5 to 10 sessions. PBM also successfully enhanced the recovery of IAN. Moreover, one article highlighted the synergistic effect of using L-PRF in conjunction with PBM. Conclusion: It appears that neurosensory recovery following IAN injury due to orthognathic surgery may be enhanced by blood-derived products such as PRF, CGF, A-PRF, and L-PRF, which release growth factors that facilitate tissue repair. Additionally, PBM further supports recovery by reducing inflammation in the initial weeks and stimulating cellular metabolism to promote regeneration in the subsequent weeks.

PMID:40330512 | PMC:PMC12049586 | DOI:10.34172/jlms.2025.05

J Lasers Med Sci. 2025 Jan 16;16:e1. doi: 10.34172/jlms.2025.01. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The high prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) and the side effects of drug treatments, as well as invasive surgical methods, highlight the importance of less invasive and less complicated methods. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of an 810 nm diode laser and transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) in the treatment of patients with TMD. Methods: The design of the study was a randomized controlled trial in which 34 patients with TMD were included and randomly treated with 810 nm diode laser or TDCS. In the laser group, 9 sessions of laser therapy were performed during 3 weeks. In the TDCS group, treatment was accomplished in 5 sessions within 5 consecutive days after sample selection. Before the first and after the last treatment session in both groups, the outcomes including the TMJ spontaneous pain score, facial muscle tenderness, maximum range of pain-free opening of the mouth and presence of jaw sounds were evaluated. The patient's satisfaction score was evaluated immediately after treatment, as well as one month later. The data were entered into SPSS statistical software version 17 and statistically analyzed by independent and paired t-tests. A significance level of less than 5% was considered. Results: The average TMJ spontaneous pain score and muscle tenderness score in temporal, TMJ, and gonial regions decreased significantly in both groups (P<0.001), also the mean maximum mouth opening increased significantly in both groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups. The average score of patient satisfaction with the treatment immediately and one month after the treatment in the laser group was significantly higher than that of TDCS. Conclusion: 810 nm diode laser and TDCS were effective in reducing the symptoms of TMD patients. The level of satisfaction with the treatment in the laser group was significantly higher than that in the TDCS method.

PMID:40330508 | PMC:PMC12049580 | DOI:10.34172/jlms.2025.01

Minerva Dent Oral Sci. 2025 May 7. doi: 10.23736/S2724-6329.25.05199-X. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Oral health is crucial for overall well-being, as conditions like periodontitis are increasingly associated with systemic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. Research in the UK and globally has revealed limited awareness among medical students about these connections, emphasizing the need for curriculum enhancements. This study assessed the awareness of year 3 and 4 medical students about oral-systemic disease connections.

METHODS: Following approval from the University of Central Lancashire School of Medicine and Dentistry Ethics Committee, a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted. The survey, consisting of multiple-choice questions with multiple answer options, was delivered anonymously via an internal Teams channel to a representative cohort of year 3 and 4 medical students. The questionnaire covered general awareness of oral-systemic health, specific oral disease knowledge, and a focused evaluation of the periodontitis-diabetes relationship. Statistics included descriptive analysis and chi-square tests to assess associations between responses. Measures of association, such as Phi and Cramér's V, were also calculated.

RESULTS: A total of 122 students participated (65.67% year 3, 34.33% year 4). Most (91.04%) acknowledged the link between oral and general health. While 80.6% identified periodontitis as gum disease, 8.96% associated it with tooth decay, and 10.45% were unaware. Awareness of the bidirectional relationship with diabetes was limited; 60% recognized that diabetes increases periodontitis risk, but only 29.9% understood the reverse.

CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights gaps in medical students' knowledge of oral-systemic health, emphasizing the need for better integration of oral health education in the medical curriculum. Aligning with WHO strategies and European Federation of Periodontology initiatives, improved interprofessional education can enhance patient care through collaboration between medical and dental professionals.

PMID:40331335 | DOI:10.23736/S2724-6329.25.05199-X

Mater Today Bio. 2025 Apr 22;32:101789. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101789. eCollection 2025 Jun.

ABSTRACT

Periodontitis is characterized by inflammation and alveolar bone loss, primarily caused by immune cells activated by oral bacteria, leading to an imbalance between osteogenesis and bone resorption. Traditional treatments have limited efficacy, which has led to the exploration of regulating the immune microenvironment and utilizing tissue engineering methods as new research directions. Our study demonstrates that macrophage membranes, activated by LPS and IFN-γ, can effectively neutralize inflammatory factors. By coating the poly-L-lysine (PLL) modified poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/β-TCP microspheres with such macrophage membrane vesicles, the MM@PPT microspheres regulate intercellular responses by inhibiting macrophage M1 polarization and osteoclast differentiation, promoting M2 polarization, and enhancing osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) even in an inflammatory environment. By injecting the MM@PPT into sites of periodontitis induced bone resorption, it is found that they can effectively promote bone regeneration by modulating the immune-regeneration microenvironment. This work not only highlights the potential of MM@PPT microspheres in promoting alveolar bone regeneration but also provides insights into how these microspheres modulate cell behavior and interactions. The findings of this study offer novel therapeutic strategies for promoting alveolar bone repair in periodontitis.

PMID:40331151 | PMC:PMC12054120 | DOI:10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101789

Front Dent Med. 2025 Apr 22;6:1550936. doi: 10.3389/fdmed.2025.1550936. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

Oral samples are widely used for studying oral microbiome in health and diseases. In this study, saliva and subgingival biofilm (SGB) samples obtained from patients with type2 diabetes (T2DM), without periodontitis (G1 group), with gingivitis (G2 group), and periodontitis (G3 group), were used to compare the abundance of Saccharibacteria (TM7), its host's bacteria (Schaalia odontolytica), periodontopathogen (Represented by Fusobacterium nucleatum), and nitrate-reducing bacteria (represented by Rothia mucilaginosa). The gingival crevicular fluid were also used to analyze the transcription levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Healthy individuals' oral samples served as a control, and the targeted bacteria and inflammatory indicators were detected and measured using real-time PCR. The results showed that in either sample, the abundance of TM7 and other targeted bacteria showed a similar profile. Notably, within participants with T2DM, the abundance of TM7 was similar in G1 and G2 groups, but significantly decreased in G3 group. With the exception of the SGB of the G3 group, the relationship between TM7 and its bacterial host was strongly positive across all evaluated samples. Furthermore, CRP had higher transcription levels than IL-6 across the entire group. Despite the fact that the G3 group showed an adverse relationship between TM7 and CRP, patients with T2DM generally showed a positive correlation between TM7 and IL-6/CRP, which was verified by a receiver operating curve.

PMID:40331023 | PMC:PMC12053271 | DOI:10.3389/fdmed.2025.1550936

Mol Syndromol. 2025 Mar 28:1-9. doi: 10.1159/000545570. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Short stature, facial dysmorphism, and skeletal anomalies with or without cardiac anomalies 2 is a very rare genetic disorder caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the SCUBE3 gene and has been reported in approximately 20 patients to date. SCUBE3 protein exhibits significant expression in various tissues, including primary osteoblasts, long bones, and the cartilage of the axial skeleton throughout development, while also playing a regulatory role in the FGF, Hedgehog, and TGF-β signaling pathways.

CASE PRESENTATION: We report a 13-year-old female patient from a consanguineous Turkish family with a novel homozygous missense variant, c.908G>C (p.Cys303Ser) in the SCUBE3 gene identified, through exome sequencing. The patient exhibited prenatal growth retardation, short stature, microcephaly, distinctive facial traits, such as long face, high arched eyebrows, epicanthus, blepharoptosis, hypotelorism, high nasal bridge, micrognathia, and large ears, dental anomalies, and skeletal abnormalities, including scoliosis, eleven pairs of ribs, mild radial bowing, irregular endplates in the lower thoracic vertabrae, and narrow iliac wings.

CONCLUSION: Protein modeling using AlphaFold3 revealed disruption of a critical disulfide bridge within the seventh epidermal growth factor-like repeat, likely affecting protein stability. In this study, we aimed to further characterize the clinical, radiological, and molecular features of this disorder with protein modeling.

PMID:40331102 | PMC:PMC12052373 | DOI:10.1159/000545570

J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2025 Jul-Aug;15(4):724-728. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.04.008. Epub 2025 Apr 23.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Oral Cancer Phobia and anxiety in patients having premalignant conditions like Oral Submucous fibrosis (OSMF) needs to be evaluated so as to provide an overall effective management to these patients.

METHODS & MATERIALS: Patients having OSMF were tested for oral cancer phobia and anxiety using the validated Marathi translation of CAI and 5-item version of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire respectively. The correlation was obtained for Oral cancer phobia, anxiety, and socio-demographic status.

RESULTS: Cancer phobia and anxiety (mild to severe) were present in all the participants with the majority (65 %) having severe scores and significantly correlated with each other (p value < 0.001). Their scores significantly increased with an increase in grades of OSMF. A co-relation with socio-demographic profiles revealed females to be more affected by severe cancerophobia and anxiety. Patients with less education and housewives had greater levels of cancerophobia and anxiety. Housewives were also more concerned about acquiring cancer.

CONCLUSION: Cancer phobia and anxiety are prevalent in Oral Submucous Fibrosis patients highlighting the significance of identifying and providing psychological therapy as an important part of OSMF management protocol.

PMID:40329953 | PMC:PMC12051511 | DOI:10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.04.008

BMC Public Health. 2025 May 6;25(1):1669. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22936-5.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the prevalence of treatment delays among preschoolers with dental caries, identified the associated influencing factors, and predicted the risk of delayed treatment. The findings of this study provide an evidence base for future interventions designed to reduce treatment delays in this population.

METHODS: A convenience sample of 264 preschool children with dental caries and their parents who visited the paediatric dental department between October 2023 and May 2024 was surveyed. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, a medical status questionnaire, the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale, the Modified Version Dental Anxiety Scale, the Short-Form Health Literacy Dental Scale, and the Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised for Dental. Influencing factors were analysed using univariate analysis and binary logistic regression, whereas the risk of occurrence was predicted using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

RESULTS: The prevalence of delayed treatment among preschool children with dental caries was 71.21%, with an average delay of 117.5 days. Binary logistic regression analysis identified several independent factors significantly associated with delayed treatment (P < 0.05), including the primary caregiver, initial symptom recognition, children's dental fear, parental dental anxiety, and parental oral health literacy. Predictive analyses indicated that children's dental fear (AUC: 0.765, 95%CI: 0.707-0.823) and parental oral health literacy (AUC: 0.738, 95%CI: 0.673-0.802) demonstrated relatively high predictive values for delayed treatment.

CONCLUSION: Efforts to reduce delayed treatment should prioritise addressing children's dental fear and improving parental oral health literacy. Targeted and effective strategies in these areas may facilitate early prevention, diagnosis, and intervention, thereby minimising treatment delays, reducing disease burden, and promoting oral health among preschoolers.

PMID:40329255 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-22936-5

J Clin Periodontol. 2025 May 6. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.14176. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To estimate alcohol consumption's effect on edentulism using state alcohol taxes as an instrumental variable (IV).

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of 514,357 U.S. Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System participants (2003-2006, 2008, 2010, 2012) linked to state alcohol taxes. We used IV regression modelling to assess the relationship between alcohol consumption and edentulism, plus potential mediators (body mass index, dental visits) and a positive control (coronary heart disease). Robustness to imperfect exogeneity was evaluated through sensitivity analyses and falsification testing using IV analysis on individuals under the age of 16 years.

RESULTS: A 1.1-drink increment per day was associated with a 12% higher risk of edentulism (95% confidence interval: 9%-16%). Alcohol consumption was positively associated with body mass index, dental visits and coronary heart disease. No significant effect on edentulism was observed in the negative control population (individuals aged < 16 years).

CONCLUSION: The findings of this quasi-experimental study suggest that alcohol consumption increases the risk of edentulism.

PMID:40328464 | DOI:10.1111/jcpe.14176

Eur J Dent. 2025 May 6. doi: 10.1055/s-0045-1809027. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This project aimed to investigate the anticariogenic effect of four chocolate ingredients (polyphenol, theobromine, cacao, and flavanol) against Streptococcus mutans biofilms grown in vitro.Stored S. mutans (UA 159) was transferred to Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth and incubated in aerobic incubator for 24 hours at 37°C in 5% CO₂. Following this, 190 µL of each ingredient concentration (0.78-200 mg/mL) and 10 µL of the culture were added to a 96-well plate and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C in 5% CO₂. Then, biofilms were fixed, stained with crystal violet, and analyzed for formation using a spectrophotometer. Control groups included negative control with only S. mutans and sterility control with BHI media.One-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests analyzed the data.Flavonoid at the 6.25 to 25 mg/mL concentrations reduced the S. mutans biofilms (p < 0.001) by 5- to 33-fold. Meanwhile, 50 mg/mL concentrations and higher completely eradicated biofilm growth. Similarly, cocoa concentrations ranging between 12.5 and 200 mg/mL revealed massive antibiofilm action from a 22-fold reduction at 12.5 mg/mL to complete biofilm eradication at 200 mg/mL. Polyphenol was the only ingredient showing biofilm inhibition at all concentrations ranging from almost 10-fold reduction to complete biofilm eradication, which were all significant (p < 0.001) compared to the control. Regarding theobromine, 3.125 mg/mL of it significantly increased the growth of S. mutans biofilms. At the concentration of 6.25 mg/mL, theobromine significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited the S. mutans biofilms by 3.35-fold. While at the range of 25 to 200 mg/mL, theobromine resulted in a reduction between 11-fold and complete biofilm eradication.The findings suggest that flavonoid, cacao, polyphenol, and theobromine may serve as effective adjuncts in preventing dental caries by inhibiting S. mutans biofilm formation.

PMID:40328294 | DOI:10.1055/s-0045-1809027

Aust Endod J. 2025 May 6. doi: 10.1111/aej.12944. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The objective was to evaluate the marginal adaptation and fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) restored using various preparation designs and materials. Except for the positive control group (n = 15), 135 teeth with ETT were divided into three main groups (n = 45): MOD (Mesio-occlusal-distal), retention slots and cuspal coverage. Each main group was further subdivided into three sub-groups (n = 15): nano-hybrid composite resin, short fibre-reinforced composite resin (SFRC) and a CAD/CAM nano-ceramic composite block. After chewing simulation, the specimens were examined using SEM; a quantitative marginal adaptation analysis and fracture resistance test were performed. MOD preparations exhibited the highest marginal deterioration (p < 0.001). Gingival marginal deterioration in nano-hybrid composite restorations was significantly higher than in CAD/CAM restorations (p = 0.023), though the difference between nano-hybrid and SFRC restorations was not significant (p = 0.447). The MOD cavity showed significantly lower fracture resistance compared to retention slots and cuspal coverage groups (p < 0.001). SFRC demonstrated the highest fracture resistance (p < 0.001).

PMID:40326688 | DOI:10.1111/aej.12944