- Title briefly states what the article is about.
- Abstract summarizes the whole article.
- Introduction establishes the context for the research: the area in which the research takes place, the research problem, the importance of the research, and the guiding question or hypothesis.
- Materials and Methods describes the research procedure.
- Results reports the outcomes of the research procedure.
- Discussion interprets the results, explaining them and comparing them to the results of other experiments.
- Conclusion focuses the reader on what is important about the research, its contribution to the larger area of study.
- References lists the sources used in the article.
Often called the IMRaD structure: Introduction, Methods, Results, Analysis, Discussion.
